Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. Animals Dogs Ĭanines are naturally territorial and will keep cats at bay. Typically they require a physical fence too high for a cat to jump over, with an electrified wire strung along the top.Ĭare must be taken with the strength of electric current used. These systems work on voltages low enough to deter but not cause harm to cats. Electric fences Ĭommercially produced electric fences are available, specifically marketed to keep cats out of or within a defined area. Leighton claims that commercial products are often advertised with cited levels which cannot be critically accepted due to lack of accepted measurement standards for ultrasound in air, and little understanding of the mechanism by which they may represent a hazard. Professor Timothy Leighton from the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, has expressed concern about the recent growth in commercial products which exploit the discomforting effects of in-air ultrasound. They will send out an ultrasonic noise directed where aimed. These laser-aiming devices can be targeted at cats and activated by a trigger.
Scatter guns are another form of ultrasonic device. Results from the study indicated that the device did have a moderate deterrent effect, reducing the probability of a previous cat intrusion into a garden by approximately 32% in the first experiment, but not in the longer running second experiment.
The RSPB tested the original CatWATCH device in a study using 63 and 96 volunteer observers in two long-running (18 and 33 weeks) blind experiments. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), has endorsed a commercial product called "CatWATCH", for which it receives 2% of the wholesale price of every device sold by the manufacturer. A statistical survey into customer satisfaction levels with ultrasonic deterrents concluded that 80% of owners expressed satisfaction with the results of ultrasonic deterrent devices. Moving the device to different locations regularly and combining with another form of cat repellent may make these devices more effective. There are also reports that the devices take a while to become effective, as some cats will stand their ground in a futile attempt to make the deterrent go away. Some cats are immune to ultrasonic cat deterrents, mainly the ones which are hard of hearing. The devices are available in both battery and mains operated forms, the latter generally having a higher output, greater range and requiring less attention. This causes the device to emit high frequency noise which is uncomfortable to the cats, and inaudible to most humans (although they can still experience unpleasant subjective effects and, potentially, shifts in the hearing threshold ). These devices are usually combined with a motion sensor which is triggered by movement within the sensors range. Many retailers sell devices which exploit the discomforting effects of in-air ultrasound.
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